iyideba saqarTvelo. mindor-veliT, mTa-goriT, tyiT, venaxiT, saTesiT; warsulis istoriiT, momavali sve-bediT; mSvenieris eniT; naqargi farCa-xaverdiT; vaJkacuris xasiaTiT, stumarT-moyvareobiT; didebulis sanaxaobiT, wminda haeriT; naamagevi saxliT da kariT; CuqurTmiani monastrebiT da eklesiebiT; mCqefare nakadulebiT; lurjis zRviT; mowmendil-mokaSkaSebuli ciT; eriT, beriT; Tvalwarmtac banovanTa gundebiT; gonebagaxsnil vaJebiT; malxazi bavSvebiT; vercxlisfer TmiT Semosil pativsadeb moxucebiT. iyideba saqarTvelo dediT da mamiT, SviliT da ZiriT, ZmiT, diT, coliT da naTesav-moyvrebiT.
hyidis yvela... iyideba yvelgan... iyideba erTianad ... nawil-nawil... patar-patar naWrebaT, visac ramdeni surs da rogorc unda: nisiaT, ufasod, naRdad, droebiT da samudamoT; bankis daxmarebiT da Cvenis saSualebiT.
iyideT barem mTlad, gaweweT da gaglijeT, rasac saqarTvelo erqva da rac dRes oxrad darCenili aZRebs yornebs da guls uklavs uZlur Wirisufals!
nikolorTqifaniZe
1910 weli
am sityvebis daweridan gasuli saukunis ganmavlobaSi bevri ram Seicvala, Tumca qarTuli miwa-wylis gayidvis sakiTxi kvlavac aqtualuria.
mokle istoriuli eqskursi
istoriulad ucxoelTa Camosaxlebebi, romlebic maSindel xelisufalTa iniciativiT moxda sameurneo ganviTarebis mizniT, arc erTi kargad ar dagvjdomia. saxeze gvaqvs CamoWrili e.w. samxreT oseTi, aseve Calagebuli naRmebi sxvadasxva kuTxeebSi. gvaqvs ugunuri faqti erekle meoris mier TaTrebis Camosaxlebisa kaxeTSi da maTi soflebi yvelaze didi soflebia saqarTvelos masStabiT.
19-e saukuneSi carizmis mier gatarebuli migraciuli procesebis Sedegad kidev ufro gaizarda Camosaxlebul ucxotomelTa ricxvi, romlebic praqtikulad xelSi iReben mTel ekonomikas, euflebian qarTul miwa-wyals. iliam safrTxis gasaneitraleblad Seqmna saadgilmamulo banki, raTa waxmareboda qarTvel mwarmoeblebs da qarTuli miwebi exsna ucxoTa xelSi Cavardnisgan.
sabWoTa periodSi miwebis nacionalizaciam garkveulad uSvela am saqmes.
problemebis jaWvi
problema 1. miwebis fragmentacia
saqarTvelos miwebis problema damoukideblobis mopovebisTanave daiwyo. axal droSi pirveli udidesi boroteba sasoflo-sameurneo miwebTan dakavSirebiT moxda SevardnaZis mmarTvelobaSi, roca moqalaqeTa kavSirma winasaarCevnod dapirebuli milioni samuSao adgilis sanacvlod gasca milioni miwis nagleji. maT Soris xalxze, visac sofelTan aranairi kavSiri aRar hqondaT. bevri aseTi mesakuTre dRemde ar misula Tavis miwis nakveTze, sad mdebareobs isic ar icis. SevardnaZis xelisuflebis mier miRebuli kanoni miwis privatizebis Sesaxeb iyo yovlad gauazrebeli da ukve awyobili kooperaciuli sameurneo sistemis damangreveli. saxeze gvaqvs daqucmacebuli miwis nakveTebi, romlebzec fermeruli (bazarze orientirebuli) meurneobis mowyoba Zalian Znelia.
CanarTi msxvilad: SevardnaZisa da misi xelisuflebis saqmianobas unda mieces saTanado Sefaseba, isini istorias unda SemorCnen rogorc qveynis damangrevel-gamyidvelebi. nacionaluri moZraoba igive moqalaqeTa kavSiria, saakaSvilma ”Rirseuli” memkvidreoba gauwia Tavis aRmzrdels da erovnuli memkvidreobisa da faseulobebis ganadgurebis saqme kidev ufro maRal xarisxSi aiyvana.
problema 2. miwebis mitaceba
rogorc SevardnaZis, ise saakaSvilis periodSi umsxviles da saukeTeso miwis nakveTebs, rogorc potenciur kapitals, euflebodnen nomenklaturuli, xelisuflebasTan daaxloebuli pirebi. romelTagan umravlesobas Tavi ar Seuwuxebia miwis damuSavebiT. xelisuflebis cvlilebis Semdeg maT ieWves, rom SeiZleba damdgariyo maT mier miwebis flobis marTlzomierebis sakiTxi, amJamad swrafi tempiT yidian da vinaidan mkvidr mosaxleobas yidvis SesaZlebloba ara aqvs, es miwebic ucxoelebis xelSi vardeba.
problema 3. sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis ucxoelTa xelSi gadasvla
“nacionaluri” xelisuflebis antisaxelmwifoebrivi, antierovnuli politikis Sedegad sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis mniSvnelovan nawils ucxoelebi daepatronen, maTgan mxolod mcire nawilma wamoiwyo sameurneo saqmianoba. arsebobs utyuari informacia, rom Zalian bevri ucxouri kompania Tu fizikuri piri yidulobs miwebs mxolod erTi mizniT, maTive sityvebiT rom vTqvaT: „saqarTveloSi axla miwa muqTia, viyidiT da roca gaZvirdeba Semdeg gavyidiTo”, am kategoriis klientebi auqcionebze miwebs ise yiduloben, rom warmodgenac ara aqvT ara Tu Tavad miwis nakveTze, saerTod mis mdebareobazec ki. erTaderTi mimzidveli faqtoria fasi. anu araviTar investiciaze, soflis meurneobis produqciis Seqmnaze laparakic araa. es aris wminda wylis spekulacia da evropaSi msgavsi qmedeba kanoniT isjeba. amas emateba nayofieri fenis moWra da gatana im qveyanaSi, sadac miwas oqros fasi aqvs. civilizebuli msofliosaTvis es yovlad gaugonari faqtia.
CanarTi: burebi gadaarCenen saqarTvelos soflis meurneobas?
2010-11 wlwbSi xelisuflebis mxridan aqtiurad ganixileboda samxreT afrikidan aTasobiT buris Camosaxlebis sakiTxi. es procesi daiwyo kidec, magram sazogadoebis zewolis Sedegad SeCerda da dReisaTvis mxolod ramdenime aTeuli ojaxia Camosaxlebuli.
vis mouvida azrad saqarTveloSi burebis Camosaxleba?
amis iniciativa maSindel saxelmwifo ministrs diasporis sakiTxebSi papuna daviTaias miewereba. es idea erTxmad aitaca mTelma xelisuflebam. burebTan gaformda memorandumi, romelic didi xani gasaidumloebuli iyo. bunebrivad ibadeba kiTxva: Tu kargi saqmea Cafiqrebuli, ra saWiroa gasaidumloeba?
burebis delegacias maspinZlobdnen maSindeli soflis meurneobis ministri, Sinagan saqmeTa ministri, sportisa da axalgazrdobis saqmeTa ministri, prezidentis meuRle sandra rulovsi.
burebi Camoatares kaxeTsa da qvemo qarTlSi da romel miwebzec ityodnen mogvwonso, imis gadacemas pirdebodnen, miuxedavad imisa, rom es miwebi ukve gacemuli iyo sakuTrebaSi. xelisufleba burebs 80 aTasi heqtari miwis gadacemas dahpirda.
riT amarTlebda maSindeli xelisufleba burebis Camosaxlebas?
- saqarTvelos soflis meurneoba aris mZime mdgomareobaSi;
- saqarTvelo istoriulad yovelTvis miwaTmoqmedi qveyana iyo, magram sabWoTa periodSi es tradiciebi daikarga;
- qarTvel glexs ezareba miwis damuSaveba;
- qarTvel glexs ara aqvs fuli, rom Cados meurneobaSi;
- qarTvel glexs ara aqvs Tanamedrove codna, rom meurneoba awarmoos;
- devnili burebi arian mZime mdgomareobaSi da maT daxmareba esaWiroebaT;
- burebi moaxdenen ramdenime milionis investirebas soflis meurneobaSi da sxva;
ra pirobebs ayeneben burebi Camosaxlebis pirobad?
-usafrTxoeba;
-saukeTeso msxvili miwis nakveTebi;
-iafi grZelvadiani kreditebi;
-mosavlis dazRveva.
kiTxva Cvens moqalaqeebs: Tqven rom Segiqmnan amgvari pirobebi, aawyobT Tu ara warmatebul meurneobas?
- burebs, am wvril investorebs internetiT SeeZloT ganacxadis Sevseba da prezidenti dauyovnebliv aniWebda maT saqarTvelos moqalaqeobas, xolo qarTul soflis meurneobaSi miliardis investiciis msurvel biZina ivaniSvils moqalaqeoba CamoarTva.
informaciisaTvis: samxreT afrikidan kongoSic gadavidnen burebi. iq soflis meurneoba Cvenze mZime mdgomareobaSia, magram burebs gamouyves yvelaze mousavliani miwebi da isic 10-20 wliani ijariT.
- Tu Cvens glexs ar gaaCnia saTanado codna, ar icnobs axal teqnologiebs, amisaTvis ra saWiroa aTasobiT buris Camosaxleba, sakmarisia ramdenime kargi specialistis Camoyvana, rom aswavlon Cvens glexebs, anda Cvenebi gavagzavnoT axali codnis misaRebad warmatebul sasoflo sameurneo qveynebSi.
ra Sedegebi gvaqvs dRemde sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis ucxoelebze gacemiT?
iseve daumuSavebeli miwebi;
iseve dausaqmebeli Cveni moqalaqeebi;
biujetSi Senatani - nuli.
ucxoelebi cxadia saxelmwifos mier gamotanili miwebis yidviT aRar kmayofildebian, isini sofel-sofel, kardakar dadian gasayidi miwebis ZebnaSi. nacionalurma xelisuflebam mTel msoflioSi gaavrcela mopatiJeba: CvenTan miwa muqTia, modiT da daepatroneTo. amJamad miwebs ZiriTadad yiduloben Turqebi, iranelebi, arabebi, rusebi. anu isini, visganac saukuneebis manZilze sisxlis fasad vicavdiT da SenarCunebas vcdilobdiT. amitom aranakleb mniSvnelovania aRniSnuli problemis moralur-fsiqologiuri mxare.
dRes qveynis dasapyrobad xmali da Tofi aRaraa saWiro, es fuliT xdeba Zalian iolad, iafad da usisxlod. miT umetes, roca aseTi yvelafris gamyidveli prezidenti gyavs.
„Zvelebs“ axali klientebic aqtiurad ematebian: indoelebi, Cinelebi, evropelebi da sxvebi, anu visac ar ezareba da cota fuli uCxavis jibeSi, saqarTveloSi moiCqaris.
qarTul miwebs rodesac ucxoelebi daepatronebian, amiT xom samudamod vuWriT ukan dasabrunebel gzas ucxoeTSi saSovarze wasul Cvens Tanamemamuleebs, romelTa didi nawili soflelia?
logikurad ismis kiTxva: ratom akeTebda amas yofili xelisufleba, es Secdoma iyo axalgazrdoba-gamoucdelobiT gamowveuli Tu mizanmimarTuli, sruliad Segnebuli qmedeba?
erTxel saakaSvilam ganacxada, 30 wliT var xelisuflebaSi mosulio. man da misma gundma kargad icoda, rom aseT usisxlo, ujiSo, antierovnul mmarTvelebs qarTveli eri didxans ar aitanda, amitom yvelaferi unda gaekeTebina imisaTvis rom swored qarTveloba maqsimalurad daekninebina, gaeRatakebina, qveynidan gaeqcia, raTa umciresobaSi moeqcia igi. mxolod am interesiT gaiolda ucxoelebisTvis moqalaqeobis miniWeba, firmebis registracia... amis gamo daiwyo saakaSvilma erovnuli da saxelmwifoebrivi safuZvlis - soflis ganadgureba, waarTva mas statusi, TviTmmarTveloba, miwa, wyali, saZovari. maSindeli parlamenti yvela am antisaxelmwifoebriv da antierovnuli qmedebebis legitimacias axdenda.
CanarTi msxvilad: saakaSvilma da misi amqris wevrebma yofili xelisuflebidan (axlandelSic rom isev sxedan) pasuxi unda agon swored saxelmwifo da erovnuli interesebis RalatisaTvis amiT unda gavafrTxiloT axlandeli da momavali xelisuflebebic.
ra argumentebi arsebobs imisaTvis, rom sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis gasxvisebis qarTuli miwebi ar gaiyidos ucxoelebze?
saqarTveloSi miwas ramdenime datvirTva aqvs. esaa: samSoblo, mamuli, erovnuli memkvidreoba, strategiuli mniSvnelobis resursi, esaa agrosasursaTo ekonomikis, qveynis sasursaTo usafrTxoebis garanti, esaa Cveni sofeli da amitom mas gansakuTrebuli mofrTxileba, movla sWirdeba.
saqarTvelo mciremiwiani qveyanaa da garkveuli resursebis mobilizebis da organizaciuli RonisZiebebis gatarebiT soflis meurneobis ganviTareba siZneles ar warmoadgens.
mkvidri mosaxleoba roca rCeba miwis gareSe, is ubralod iZulebuli xdeba aiyaros soflidan, radgan aq Semosavlis sxva wyaro ar arsebobs. es ki arsebul problemas kidev ufro amZafrebs;
erovnuli TviTmyofadoba, romelic ZiriTadad sofelzea daSenebuli, dgeba safrTxis qveS.
saqarTvelodan gaWirvebis gamo ucxoeTSi gadaxvewilia milionze meti adamiani, maTgan didi nawili soflelia. rodesac aq aRar iqneba sakuTar miwaze dabrunebis da ganviTarebis perspeqtiva, is aqeT aRarasodes dabrundeba da amiT Cvens saukeTeso genofonds vkargavT.
modiT jer mkvidr mosaxleobas mivceT sameurneo saqmianobis ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba, mere davibrunoT bolo ocwleulSi samSoblodan nebayoflobiTi iZulebiT wasuli Cveni Tanamemamuleebi, mere davibrunoT iranSi oTxasi wlis win iZulebiT gadasaxlebuli Cveni sisxli da xorci, visac istoriul samSobloSi dabrunebis survili aqvs da erovnul-patriotuli cnobiereba gaaCnia, xSirad ufro metad gamZafrebuli, vidre aqaurebs da amis Semdeg Tu kidev dagvrCeba auTvisebeli miwebi, maSin vifiqroT ucxoebis mozidvaze.
kiTxva: xom arafers vamuqebT, ra mdgomareobaa am mxriv sxva qveynebSi?
jer yofil sabWoelebs gadavxedoT:
belorusi - kerZo sakuTrebaSi ar gaicema sasoflo-sameurneo, bunebisdacviTi, gamajansaRebeli, rekreaciuli, istoriul-kulturuli daniSnulebis, tyis, wylis fondis da sxva miwebi. ucxoelebs mxolod ijariT SeuZliaT miwis aReba.
ukraina - daaxloebiT Cvenis msgavsi kanonis miRebidan maleve SeniSnes, rom praqtikulad miwebs kargavdnen da xelisuflebam gamoacxada moratoriumi sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis gayidvaze, romelsac vada gasdioda 2013 wlis 1 ianvars, magram sazogadoebis dawolis Sedegad gasuli wlis noemberSi ukrainis parlamentma (radam) moratoriumis vada gaagrZela 2016 wlamde.
tajikeTi - ”miwa tajikeTSi warmoadgens saxelmwifos исключительной sakuTrebas da saxelmwifo aris misi efeqturi sargeblobis garanti xalxis interesebidan gamomdinare”.
ucxoeTis moqalaqeebs da iuridiul pirebs sasoflo-sameurneo miwa SeiZleba gadaeceT mxolod vadiani xelSekrulebiT.
TurqmeneTi - ”miwa TurqmeneTSi warmoadgens TurqmeneTis xalxis samemkvidreo qonebas. igi daculia saxelmwifos mier da eqvemdebareba racionalur da efeqtur sargeblobas”.
uzbekeTi - „miwa warmoadgens saerTo erovnul simdidres, eqvemdebareba racionalur sargeblobas da daculia saxelmwifos mier rogorc uzbekeTis resbublikis xalxis sicocxlis, saqmianobis da keTildReobis safuZveli.“
azerbaijani - ucxoeTis fizikur da iuridiul pirs mxolod ijariT SeiZleba gadaeces miwa.
ra mdgomareobaa evropaSi?
aRmosavleT evropis bevr qveyanas evrokavSirSi Sesvlisas warmoeqmna garkveuli valdebulebebi, maT Soris miwebis Tavisufali gayidvis sakiTxSi, magram praqtikulad yvela qveyanam gamoacxada gardamavali periodi da akrZala ucxoelebze miwis gayidva. mag.: bulgareTSi, CexeTSi, estoneTSi, ungreTSi, latviaSi, litvaSi, rumineTsa da slovakeTSi - 7 weli, poloneTSi - 12 weli. es dro maT moiTxoves Sida mdgomareobis mosawesrigeblad, adgilobrivi meurneebis fexze dasayeneblad, rom ucxour investiciebs ar gamoewvia adgilobrivi investiciebis SezRudva-Seviwroeba da sxva. garda amisa, TiToeulma qveyanam SemoiRo garkveuli pirobebi. mag. ucxoelma jer ijariT unda aiRos miwa, 3-5 wlis ganmavlobaSi daamuSaos da roca daamtkicebs, rom warmatebul meurneobas eweva, mxolod amis Semdeg aqvs Sesyidvis ufleba. aseve SezRudulia miwis farTobis odenoba. erT welze meti xniT ar SeiZleba daumuSaveblad miwis datoveba da sxva.
mTel evropaSi mkacrad kontroldeba, rom miwis yidva-gayidva ar gaxdes spekulaciis sagani, anu is, rac CvenTan did masStabebSi xdeba.
TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi aucilebelia, rom myidvels hqondes dasabuTebuli finansuri uzrunvelyofa, rom SeuZlia yidvis Semdeg miwis damuSaveba, aseve aqvs saTanado agro ganaTleba da am sferoSi muSaobis praqtikuli gamocdileba. es exeba rogorc iuridiul, ise fizikur pirebs. bevrgan iTxoven rom myidveli mudmivad cxovrobdes am miwaze (mag. poloneTSi mudmivad cxovrebis uflebis miRebidan mxolod xuTi wlis Semdeg SeuZlia pirovnebas sasoflo-sameurneo miwis yidva), zogan ki saxelmwifo enis codnasac avaldebuleben.
ra Seicvala axali xelisuflebis mosvlis Semdeg?
praqtikulad araferi. procesi aCqarebuli inerciiT mieqaneba. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo moZraobis, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis sxva warmomadgenlebis mcdeloba, rom am Temaze xelisuflebis calkeul rgolebs yuradReba gaemaxvilebinaT, jerjerobiT arsebiT Sedegs ver iRebs. am problebis gadaWraSi Cveni Tanamonawileoba specialuri weriliT SevTavazeT premier-ministrs da misgan gamoxmaurebas veliT. axla gvinda Ria werilis formatic gamoviyenoT.
saqarTvelos premier-ministrs, b-n biZina ivaniSvils
saqarTvelos parlaments
imgvari ganukiTxaoba, uyairaTo damokidebuleba, ganiaveba, daknineba, daCagvra, rogoric aqamde iyo Cveni miwebisa da mkvidri mosaxleobis mimarT, arsad ar momxdara. mdgomareoba sagangaSoa da erTi wuTiT dayovnebas ar iTmens:
· vinaidan saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs ar gaaCniaT ucxoel investorebTan konkurenciis SesaZlebloba;
· vinaidan xelisufleba axla iwyebs soflis ganviTarebis proeqtebs da garkveul Sedegebze gasvlas dro sWirdeba;
· vinaidan muSavdeba da misaRebia kanoni adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb, romelSic gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos soflis mflobelobaSi misi arseboba-ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebeli sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis da sxva bunebrivi resursebis gadacema;
· vinaidan misaRebia axali kanoni da sxva normatiuli aqtebi miwis Sesaxeb;
· vinaidan Camosayalibeblia sazRvrispira miwebis aucilebeli normebi;
1. saswrafod unda gamocxaddes moratoriumi saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis privatizebasTan dakavSirebiT.
2. dauyovnebliv unda SeCerdes ucxoelebze, ganurCevlad statusisa, miwebis gayidva. (aRmosavleT evropis praqtikulad yvela qveyanas hqonda amgvari akrZalva da evrokavSiris wevrad gaxdomis Semdeg kidev gardamavali, mosamzadebeli periodi aiRes 7-12 wlamde).
amasTanave aucileblad migvaCnia sazogadoebrivi komisiis Seqmna, romelic safuZvlianad Seiswavlis sasoflo-sameurneo miwebTan CvenSi arsebul mdgomareobas, ucxour gamocdilebas, saparlamento da samTavrobo Sesabamis struqturebTan TanamSromlobiT SeimuSavebs sakanonmdeblo da normatiuli aqtebis proeqtebs, im organizaciul models, romelmac unda uzrunvelyos sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis mdgradi ganviTareba da sxva.
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo moZraoba mzadaa am procesSi aqtiurad CasarTvelad. amasTanave mzad varT warmogidginoT damatebiTi argumentebi, Cveni xedva mdgomareobis gamosasworeblad gasatarebeli RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb.
Tu gaCndeba kiTxva: es RonisZiebebi uaryofiTad xom ar imoqmedebs soflis meurneobis ganviTarebaze, erTmniSvnelovnad vupasuxebT rom ara. mTel civilizebul msoflioSi arsebobs ucxoelebisTvis miwaze saijaro urTierTobebi, agreTve wasaxalisebelia ucxoeTSi kapitalis mflobeli Cveni Tanamemamuleebi, rom investireba moaxdinon soflis meurneobaSi, amis kargi magaliTebi ukve gvaqvs da rac mTavaria, xelisuflebis mier soflisa da soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis swori politikis gatarebis SemTxvevaSi Zalian swrafad SeiZleba gaWirvebuli mdgomareobidan gamosvla.
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo moZraoba
kontaqti: Tbilisi, iona vakelis q. 18 a, tel.: 238 12 62, el.fosta: [email protected]
hyidis yvela... iyideba yvelgan... iyideba erTianad ... nawil-nawil... patar-patar naWrebaT, visac ramdeni surs da rogorc unda: nisiaT, ufasod, naRdad, droebiT da samudamoT; bankis daxmarebiT da Cvenis saSualebiT.
iyideT barem mTlad, gaweweT da gaglijeT, rasac saqarTvelo erqva da rac dRes oxrad darCenili aZRebs yornebs da guls uklavs uZlur Wirisufals!
nikolorTqifaniZe
1910 weli
am sityvebis daweridan gasuli saukunis ganmavlobaSi bevri ram Seicvala, Tumca qarTuli miwa-wylis gayidvis sakiTxi kvlavac aqtualuria.
mokle istoriuli eqskursi
istoriulad ucxoelTa Camosaxlebebi, romlebic maSindel xelisufalTa iniciativiT moxda sameurneo ganviTarebis mizniT, arc erTi kargad ar dagvjdomia. saxeze gvaqvs CamoWrili e.w. samxreT oseTi, aseve Calagebuli naRmebi sxvadasxva kuTxeebSi. gvaqvs ugunuri faqti erekle meoris mier TaTrebis Camosaxlebisa kaxeTSi da maTi soflebi yvelaze didi soflebia saqarTvelos masStabiT.
19-e saukuneSi carizmis mier gatarebuli migraciuli procesebis Sedegad kidev ufro gaizarda Camosaxlebul ucxotomelTa ricxvi, romlebic praqtikulad xelSi iReben mTel ekonomikas, euflebian qarTul miwa-wyals. iliam safrTxis gasaneitraleblad Seqmna saadgilmamulo banki, raTa waxmareboda qarTvel mwarmoeblebs da qarTuli miwebi exsna ucxoTa xelSi Cavardnisgan.
sabWoTa periodSi miwebis nacionalizaciam garkveulad uSvela am saqmes.
problemebis jaWvi
problema 1. miwebis fragmentacia
saqarTvelos miwebis problema damoukideblobis mopovebisTanave daiwyo. axal droSi pirveli udidesi boroteba sasoflo-sameurneo miwebTan dakavSirebiT moxda SevardnaZis mmarTvelobaSi, roca moqalaqeTa kavSirma winasaarCevnod dapirebuli milioni samuSao adgilis sanacvlod gasca milioni miwis nagleji. maT Soris xalxze, visac sofelTan aranairi kavSiri aRar hqondaT. bevri aseTi mesakuTre dRemde ar misula Tavis miwis nakveTze, sad mdebareobs isic ar icis. SevardnaZis xelisuflebis mier miRebuli kanoni miwis privatizebis Sesaxeb iyo yovlad gauazrebeli da ukve awyobili kooperaciuli sameurneo sistemis damangreveli. saxeze gvaqvs daqucmacebuli miwis nakveTebi, romlebzec fermeruli (bazarze orientirebuli) meurneobis mowyoba Zalian Znelia.
CanarTi msxvilad: SevardnaZisa da misi xelisuflebis saqmianobas unda mieces saTanado Sefaseba, isini istorias unda SemorCnen rogorc qveynis damangrevel-gamyidvelebi. nacionaluri moZraoba igive moqalaqeTa kavSiria, saakaSvilma ”Rirseuli” memkvidreoba gauwia Tavis aRmzrdels da erovnuli memkvidreobisa da faseulobebis ganadgurebis saqme kidev ufro maRal xarisxSi aiyvana.
problema 2. miwebis mitaceba
rogorc SevardnaZis, ise saakaSvilis periodSi umsxviles da saukeTeso miwis nakveTebs, rogorc potenciur kapitals, euflebodnen nomenklaturuli, xelisuflebasTan daaxloebuli pirebi. romelTagan umravlesobas Tavi ar Seuwuxebia miwis damuSavebiT. xelisuflebis cvlilebis Semdeg maT ieWves, rom SeiZleba damdgariyo maT mier miwebis flobis marTlzomierebis sakiTxi, amJamad swrafi tempiT yidian da vinaidan mkvidr mosaxleobas yidvis SesaZlebloba ara aqvs, es miwebic ucxoelebis xelSi vardeba.
problema 3. sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis ucxoelTa xelSi gadasvla
“nacionaluri” xelisuflebis antisaxelmwifoebrivi, antierovnuli politikis Sedegad sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis mniSvnelovan nawils ucxoelebi daepatronen, maTgan mxolod mcire nawilma wamoiwyo sameurneo saqmianoba. arsebobs utyuari informacia, rom Zalian bevri ucxouri kompania Tu fizikuri piri yidulobs miwebs mxolod erTi mizniT, maTive sityvebiT rom vTqvaT: „saqarTveloSi axla miwa muqTia, viyidiT da roca gaZvirdeba Semdeg gavyidiTo”, am kategoriis klientebi auqcionebze miwebs ise yiduloben, rom warmodgenac ara aqvT ara Tu Tavad miwis nakveTze, saerTod mis mdebareobazec ki. erTaderTi mimzidveli faqtoria fasi. anu araviTar investiciaze, soflis meurneobis produqciis Seqmnaze laparakic araa. es aris wminda wylis spekulacia da evropaSi msgavsi qmedeba kanoniT isjeba. amas emateba nayofieri fenis moWra da gatana im qveyanaSi, sadac miwas oqros fasi aqvs. civilizebuli msofliosaTvis es yovlad gaugonari faqtia.
CanarTi: burebi gadaarCenen saqarTvelos soflis meurneobas?
2010-11 wlwbSi xelisuflebis mxridan aqtiurad ganixileboda samxreT afrikidan aTasobiT buris Camosaxlebis sakiTxi. es procesi daiwyo kidec, magram sazogadoebis zewolis Sedegad SeCerda da dReisaTvis mxolod ramdenime aTeuli ojaxia Camosaxlebuli.
vis mouvida azrad saqarTveloSi burebis Camosaxleba?
amis iniciativa maSindel saxelmwifo ministrs diasporis sakiTxebSi papuna daviTaias miewereba. es idea erTxmad aitaca mTelma xelisuflebam. burebTan gaformda memorandumi, romelic didi xani gasaidumloebuli iyo. bunebrivad ibadeba kiTxva: Tu kargi saqmea Cafiqrebuli, ra saWiroa gasaidumloeba?
burebis delegacias maspinZlobdnen maSindeli soflis meurneobis ministri, Sinagan saqmeTa ministri, sportisa da axalgazrdobis saqmeTa ministri, prezidentis meuRle sandra rulovsi.
burebi Camoatares kaxeTsa da qvemo qarTlSi da romel miwebzec ityodnen mogvwonso, imis gadacemas pirdebodnen, miuxedavad imisa, rom es miwebi ukve gacemuli iyo sakuTrebaSi. xelisufleba burebs 80 aTasi heqtari miwis gadacemas dahpirda.
riT amarTlebda maSindeli xelisufleba burebis Camosaxlebas?
- saqarTvelos soflis meurneoba aris mZime mdgomareobaSi;
- saqarTvelo istoriulad yovelTvis miwaTmoqmedi qveyana iyo, magram sabWoTa periodSi es tradiciebi daikarga;
- qarTvel glexs ezareba miwis damuSaveba;
- qarTvel glexs ara aqvs fuli, rom Cados meurneobaSi;
- qarTvel glexs ara aqvs Tanamedrove codna, rom meurneoba awarmoos;
- devnili burebi arian mZime mdgomareobaSi da maT daxmareba esaWiroebaT;
- burebi moaxdenen ramdenime milionis investirebas soflis meurneobaSi da sxva;
ra pirobebs ayeneben burebi Camosaxlebis pirobad?
-usafrTxoeba;
-saukeTeso msxvili miwis nakveTebi;
-iafi grZelvadiani kreditebi;
-mosavlis dazRveva.
kiTxva Cvens moqalaqeebs: Tqven rom Segiqmnan amgvari pirobebi, aawyobT Tu ara warmatebul meurneobas?
- burebs, am wvril investorebs internetiT SeeZloT ganacxadis Sevseba da prezidenti dauyovnebliv aniWebda maT saqarTvelos moqalaqeobas, xolo qarTul soflis meurneobaSi miliardis investiciis msurvel biZina ivaniSvils moqalaqeoba CamoarTva.
informaciisaTvis: samxreT afrikidan kongoSic gadavidnen burebi. iq soflis meurneoba Cvenze mZime mdgomareobaSia, magram burebs gamouyves yvelaze mousavliani miwebi da isic 10-20 wliani ijariT.
- Tu Cvens glexs ar gaaCnia saTanado codna, ar icnobs axal teqnologiebs, amisaTvis ra saWiroa aTasobiT buris Camosaxleba, sakmarisia ramdenime kargi specialistis Camoyvana, rom aswavlon Cvens glexebs, anda Cvenebi gavagzavnoT axali codnis misaRebad warmatebul sasoflo sameurneo qveynebSi.
ra Sedegebi gvaqvs dRemde sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis ucxoelebze gacemiT?
iseve daumuSavebeli miwebi;
iseve dausaqmebeli Cveni moqalaqeebi;
biujetSi Senatani - nuli.
ucxoelebi cxadia saxelmwifos mier gamotanili miwebis yidviT aRar kmayofildebian, isini sofel-sofel, kardakar dadian gasayidi miwebis ZebnaSi. nacionalurma xelisuflebam mTel msoflioSi gaavrcela mopatiJeba: CvenTan miwa muqTia, modiT da daepatroneTo. amJamad miwebs ZiriTadad yiduloben Turqebi, iranelebi, arabebi, rusebi. anu isini, visganac saukuneebis manZilze sisxlis fasad vicavdiT da SenarCunebas vcdilobdiT. amitom aranakleb mniSvnelovania aRniSnuli problemis moralur-fsiqologiuri mxare.
dRes qveynis dasapyrobad xmali da Tofi aRaraa saWiro, es fuliT xdeba Zalian iolad, iafad da usisxlod. miT umetes, roca aseTi yvelafris gamyidveli prezidenti gyavs.
„Zvelebs“ axali klientebic aqtiurad ematebian: indoelebi, Cinelebi, evropelebi da sxvebi, anu visac ar ezareba da cota fuli uCxavis jibeSi, saqarTveloSi moiCqaris.
qarTul miwebs rodesac ucxoelebi daepatronebian, amiT xom samudamod vuWriT ukan dasabrunebel gzas ucxoeTSi saSovarze wasul Cvens Tanamemamuleebs, romelTa didi nawili soflelia?
logikurad ismis kiTxva: ratom akeTebda amas yofili xelisufleba, es Secdoma iyo axalgazrdoba-gamoucdelobiT gamowveuli Tu mizanmimarTuli, sruliad Segnebuli qmedeba?
erTxel saakaSvilam ganacxada, 30 wliT var xelisuflebaSi mosulio. man da misma gundma kargad icoda, rom aseT usisxlo, ujiSo, antierovnul mmarTvelebs qarTveli eri didxans ar aitanda, amitom yvelaferi unda gaekeTebina imisaTvis rom swored qarTveloba maqsimalurad daekninebina, gaeRatakebina, qveynidan gaeqcia, raTa umciresobaSi moeqcia igi. mxolod am interesiT gaiolda ucxoelebisTvis moqalaqeobis miniWeba, firmebis registracia... amis gamo daiwyo saakaSvilma erovnuli da saxelmwifoebrivi safuZvlis - soflis ganadgureba, waarTva mas statusi, TviTmmarTveloba, miwa, wyali, saZovari. maSindeli parlamenti yvela am antisaxelmwifoebriv da antierovnuli qmedebebis legitimacias axdenda.
CanarTi msxvilad: saakaSvilma da misi amqris wevrebma yofili xelisuflebidan (axlandelSic rom isev sxedan) pasuxi unda agon swored saxelmwifo da erovnuli interesebis RalatisaTvis amiT unda gavafrTxiloT axlandeli da momavali xelisuflebebic.
ra argumentebi arsebobs imisaTvis, rom sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis gasxvisebis qarTuli miwebi ar gaiyidos ucxoelebze?
saqarTveloSi miwas ramdenime datvirTva aqvs. esaa: samSoblo, mamuli, erovnuli memkvidreoba, strategiuli mniSvnelobis resursi, esaa agrosasursaTo ekonomikis, qveynis sasursaTo usafrTxoebis garanti, esaa Cveni sofeli da amitom mas gansakuTrebuli mofrTxileba, movla sWirdeba.
saqarTvelo mciremiwiani qveyanaa da garkveuli resursebis mobilizebis da organizaciuli RonisZiebebis gatarebiT soflis meurneobis ganviTareba siZneles ar warmoadgens.
mkvidri mosaxleoba roca rCeba miwis gareSe, is ubralod iZulebuli xdeba aiyaros soflidan, radgan aq Semosavlis sxva wyaro ar arsebobs. es ki arsebul problemas kidev ufro amZafrebs;
erovnuli TviTmyofadoba, romelic ZiriTadad sofelzea daSenebuli, dgeba safrTxis qveS.
saqarTvelodan gaWirvebis gamo ucxoeTSi gadaxvewilia milionze meti adamiani, maTgan didi nawili soflelia. rodesac aq aRar iqneba sakuTar miwaze dabrunebis da ganviTarebis perspeqtiva, is aqeT aRarasodes dabrundeba da amiT Cvens saukeTeso genofonds vkargavT.
modiT jer mkvidr mosaxleobas mivceT sameurneo saqmianobis ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba, mere davibrunoT bolo ocwleulSi samSoblodan nebayoflobiTi iZulebiT wasuli Cveni Tanamemamuleebi, mere davibrunoT iranSi oTxasi wlis win iZulebiT gadasaxlebuli Cveni sisxli da xorci, visac istoriul samSobloSi dabrunebis survili aqvs da erovnul-patriotuli cnobiereba gaaCnia, xSirad ufro metad gamZafrebuli, vidre aqaurebs da amis Semdeg Tu kidev dagvrCeba auTvisebeli miwebi, maSin vifiqroT ucxoebis mozidvaze.
kiTxva: xom arafers vamuqebT, ra mdgomareobaa am mxriv sxva qveynebSi?
jer yofil sabWoelebs gadavxedoT:
belorusi - kerZo sakuTrebaSi ar gaicema sasoflo-sameurneo, bunebisdacviTi, gamajansaRebeli, rekreaciuli, istoriul-kulturuli daniSnulebis, tyis, wylis fondis da sxva miwebi. ucxoelebs mxolod ijariT SeuZliaT miwis aReba.
ukraina - daaxloebiT Cvenis msgavsi kanonis miRebidan maleve SeniSnes, rom praqtikulad miwebs kargavdnen da xelisuflebam gamoacxada moratoriumi sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis gayidvaze, romelsac vada gasdioda 2013 wlis 1 ianvars, magram sazogadoebis dawolis Sedegad gasuli wlis noemberSi ukrainis parlamentma (radam) moratoriumis vada gaagrZela 2016 wlamde.
tajikeTi - ”miwa tajikeTSi warmoadgens saxelmwifos исключительной sakuTrebas da saxelmwifo aris misi efeqturi sargeblobis garanti xalxis interesebidan gamomdinare”.
ucxoeTis moqalaqeebs da iuridiul pirebs sasoflo-sameurneo miwa SeiZleba gadaeceT mxolod vadiani xelSekrulebiT.
TurqmeneTi - ”miwa TurqmeneTSi warmoadgens TurqmeneTis xalxis samemkvidreo qonebas. igi daculia saxelmwifos mier da eqvemdebareba racionalur da efeqtur sargeblobas”.
uzbekeTi - „miwa warmoadgens saerTo erovnul simdidres, eqvemdebareba racionalur sargeblobas da daculia saxelmwifos mier rogorc uzbekeTis resbublikis xalxis sicocxlis, saqmianobis da keTildReobis safuZveli.“
azerbaijani - ucxoeTis fizikur da iuridiul pirs mxolod ijariT SeiZleba gadaeces miwa.
ra mdgomareobaa evropaSi?
aRmosavleT evropis bevr qveyanas evrokavSirSi Sesvlisas warmoeqmna garkveuli valdebulebebi, maT Soris miwebis Tavisufali gayidvis sakiTxSi, magram praqtikulad yvela qveyanam gamoacxada gardamavali periodi da akrZala ucxoelebze miwis gayidva. mag.: bulgareTSi, CexeTSi, estoneTSi, ungreTSi, latviaSi, litvaSi, rumineTsa da slovakeTSi - 7 weli, poloneTSi - 12 weli. es dro maT moiTxoves Sida mdgomareobis mosawesrigeblad, adgilobrivi meurneebis fexze dasayeneblad, rom ucxour investiciebs ar gamoewvia adgilobrivi investiciebis SezRudva-Seviwroeba da sxva. garda amisa, TiToeulma qveyanam SemoiRo garkveuli pirobebi. mag. ucxoelma jer ijariT unda aiRos miwa, 3-5 wlis ganmavlobaSi daamuSaos da roca daamtkicebs, rom warmatebul meurneobas eweva, mxolod amis Semdeg aqvs Sesyidvis ufleba. aseve SezRudulia miwis farTobis odenoba. erT welze meti xniT ar SeiZleba daumuSaveblad miwis datoveba da sxva.
mTel evropaSi mkacrad kontroldeba, rom miwis yidva-gayidva ar gaxdes spekulaciis sagani, anu is, rac CvenTan did masStabebSi xdeba.
TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi aucilebelia, rom myidvels hqondes dasabuTebuli finansuri uzrunvelyofa, rom SeuZlia yidvis Semdeg miwis damuSaveba, aseve aqvs saTanado agro ganaTleba da am sferoSi muSaobis praqtikuli gamocdileba. es exeba rogorc iuridiul, ise fizikur pirebs. bevrgan iTxoven rom myidveli mudmivad cxovrobdes am miwaze (mag. poloneTSi mudmivad cxovrebis uflebis miRebidan mxolod xuTi wlis Semdeg SeuZlia pirovnebas sasoflo-sameurneo miwis yidva), zogan ki saxelmwifo enis codnasac avaldebuleben.
ra Seicvala axali xelisuflebis mosvlis Semdeg?
praqtikulad araferi. procesi aCqarebuli inerciiT mieqaneba. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo moZraobis, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis sxva warmomadgenlebis mcdeloba, rom am Temaze xelisuflebis calkeul rgolebs yuradReba gaemaxvilebinaT, jerjerobiT arsebiT Sedegs ver iRebs. am problebis gadaWraSi Cveni Tanamonawileoba specialuri weriliT SevTavazeT premier-ministrs da misgan gamoxmaurebas veliT. axla gvinda Ria werilis formatic gamoviyenoT.
saqarTvelos premier-ministrs, b-n biZina ivaniSvils
saqarTvelos parlaments
imgvari ganukiTxaoba, uyairaTo damokidebuleba, ganiaveba, daknineba, daCagvra, rogoric aqamde iyo Cveni miwebisa da mkvidri mosaxleobis mimarT, arsad ar momxdara. mdgomareoba sagangaSoa da erTi wuTiT dayovnebas ar iTmens:
· vinaidan saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs ar gaaCniaT ucxoel investorebTan konkurenciis SesaZlebloba;
· vinaidan xelisufleba axla iwyebs soflis ganviTarebis proeqtebs da garkveul Sedegebze gasvlas dro sWirdeba;
· vinaidan muSavdeba da misaRebia kanoni adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb, romelSic gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos soflis mflobelobaSi misi arseboba-ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebeli sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis da sxva bunebrivi resursebis gadacema;
· vinaidan misaRebia axali kanoni da sxva normatiuli aqtebi miwis Sesaxeb;
· vinaidan Camosayalibeblia sazRvrispira miwebis aucilebeli normebi;
1. saswrafod unda gamocxaddes moratoriumi saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis privatizebasTan dakavSirebiT.
2. dauyovnebliv unda SeCerdes ucxoelebze, ganurCevlad statusisa, miwebis gayidva. (aRmosavleT evropis praqtikulad yvela qveyanas hqonda amgvari akrZalva da evrokavSiris wevrad gaxdomis Semdeg kidev gardamavali, mosamzadebeli periodi aiRes 7-12 wlamde).
amasTanave aucileblad migvaCnia sazogadoebrivi komisiis Seqmna, romelic safuZvlianad Seiswavlis sasoflo-sameurneo miwebTan CvenSi arsebul mdgomareobas, ucxour gamocdilebas, saparlamento da samTavrobo Sesabamis struqturebTan TanamSromlobiT SeimuSavebs sakanonmdeblo da normatiuli aqtebis proeqtebs, im organizaciul models, romelmac unda uzrunvelyos sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis mdgradi ganviTareba da sxva.
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo moZraoba mzadaa am procesSi aqtiurad CasarTvelad. amasTanave mzad varT warmogidginoT damatebiTi argumentebi, Cveni xedva mdgomareobis gamosasworeblad gasatarebeli RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb.
Tu gaCndeba kiTxva: es RonisZiebebi uaryofiTad xom ar imoqmedebs soflis meurneobis ganviTarebaze, erTmniSvnelovnad vupasuxebT rom ara. mTel civilizebul msoflioSi arsebobs ucxoelebisTvis miwaze saijaro urTierTobebi, agreTve wasaxalisebelia ucxoeTSi kapitalis mflobeli Cveni Tanamemamuleebi, rom investireba moaxdinon soflis meurneobaSi, amis kargi magaliTebi ukve gvaqvs da rac mTavaria, xelisuflebis mier soflisa da soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis swori politikis gatarebis SemTxvevaSi Zalian swrafad SeiZleba gaWirvebuli mdgomareobidan gamosvla.
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo moZraoba
kontaqti: Tbilisi, iona vakelis q. 18 a, tel.: 238 12 62, el.fosta: [email protected]